Tool and method of making the same



Oct. 15, 1940. F. F. MOONEY 2,213,069

TOOL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME I "Filed Aug. 9, 1934 INVENTOR FRANKF. MOONEY BY ATTQRNEY Patented Oct. 15, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE- "2,218,069 a TOOL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Frank F. Mooney,Philadeiphia,.Pa., assignor, by

mesne assignments, to Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, acorporation of New York Application August 9,1934, Serial No. 739,087 16Claims. (01. 76-101) This invention relates to tools such as chisels,

drills, punches and the like for use in metal or stone working and -tothe method of making the same; and particularly to improvementsin theconstruction of the heads of tools which are subjected to impacts.

Such tools are usually made from bars of rather high carbon steel, theoperating ends of which are tempered or otherwise suitably treated toprovide wear-resisting points or cutting edges of suitable hardness. Theportions of these tools v above the hardened operating ends are leftunhardened in order to provide the tools with tough shock-resistingshanks terminating in impactreceiving heads. Were the impact headshardened these ends would, if unreinforced, be too brittle to be ofvalue in' ordinary use. In use; the unhardened impact heads of thesetools become battered down and mushroomed over thereby objectionablyreducing the length of :the

shanks and producing heads having a rough irregular overhanging flange,portions of which from time to time fly oii during impact and become asource of injury to an operator.

It is an important object of the invention to provide an improvedconstruction in tools of thischaracter such that the life of theresulting tool will be prolonged and danger from metal particles flyingoff therefrom under impact will be eliminated.

Another object of my invention is to provide a construction which willpermit the impactreceiving head to be tempered or hardened and at thesame time avoid fracturing of such head in use.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved process ofmanufacturing-tools of the above and similar character which are subjectto impact in use. r

40 These andother objects and novel features of the invention willbecome apparent from the following description taken with theaccompanying drawing in which the single figure is a. view in partialsection of a cold chisel made in accordance with the principles ofthisinvention;

The chisel as illustrated comprises a solid bar or shank S ofhomogeneous composition, preferably of tough shock-absorbing metal suchas fairly high-carbon steel which will respond to hardening andtempering treatments. A point, a blade, or a cutting portion B is formedupon the lower or cutting end of the shank S. The point or blade B iscommonly hardened and tempered to Provide a highly wea es s a t p t onof an extent adapting it ,to repeated dressing or sharpening whereby thelife of the tool is prolonged.

The life of the tool is further prolonged and is otherwise improved bysurrounding and securing to the periphery of the upper end or impact- 5receiving head H thereof a protective and reinforcing ring or band R,desirably of relatively soft or ductile metal or metallic alloy, such asa bronze or brass alloy. I have found it advantageous to use acopper-base alloy such as phos- 10 phor bronze of the followingapproximate com-' position: Tin 2.50%, phosphorus 0.08%, and theremainder copper. The band R is formed of suitable thickness and widthto materially reduce or substantially prevent damage such as mushllrooming of the head H and the spalling or chipping ofi of steelparticles during impact.- The outer edge of the band preferably iscoextensive with the head end of the shank, thus leaving bare only theextreme end surface of the shank to 20 receive the blows of a hammer orthe like.

In the manufacture of a tool of this character, the blank or body fromwhich the tool is to be formed is first shaped as desired. The pointedor cutting end B of the tool may then be tem- 25 pered or otherwisebrought to the desired hardness. The tool shank may then be ground offslightly around and adjacent its impact-receiving head to provide asmooth peripheral surface free from oxides, and then the ring or band Ris 30 applied to the surface so prepared.

The band R may be applied and permanently securedto the head H invarious ways; and preferably by fusing metal from a suitable weldingrod, as by means of an oxy-acetylene or similar 35 high-temperatureflame, and depositing and welding such fused metal peripherally aboutand directly to the prepared surface adjacent the tool head. By thisprocedure, -a protective and reinforcing metal band of appropriatethickness 40 i and width may be readily and permanently secured aroundthe tool head, and the extreme end of the head of the tool within theband is left exposed to receive hammer blows. Moreover, the

high-temperature heat thus applied to the tool 45 head in building upthe band R may be addition-' ally utilized to improve the quality of themetal at the. head end of the tool. By quenching the heated head end ofthe tool in water or other cooling medium immediately after welding theprotective band thereto, the impact-receiving end portion of, the toolmay be tempered, as indicated by the close hatching H, so as to increaseits hardness to the desired degree and thus con- 55 siderably increaseits resistance to wear and mutilation by impact.

Although the tool blank preferably consists of a single bar of steelandthe increased hardness of the working portion is imparted by suitableheat treatment, pieces of dissimilar metals or alloys may be united, asby welding, and the impact-receiving portion may then be reinforced asalready described. While the invention is herein described as applied toa cold chisel, it will be understood that the invention may'be similarlyapplied to the portion of any metal tool, hammer, or other metal memberthat is subjected to receiving or delivering'impacts. Devices embodyingthis invention are much safer to operate than those not provided with aprotective and reinforcing band; and, since periodic dressing of theimpact head is rendered unnecessary, a considerable reduction in toolexpense may be secured in shops and other places where a large number ofsuch tools are used.

I claim:

1. A chisel, drill, punch, or the like comprising a solid metal barhaving a metal portion that is adapted to be subjected to impacts, and aprotective metal band extending around and permanently secured to saidportion to reduce damaging and mushrooming of said portion by uchimpacts.

2. A chisel, drill, or the like having a solid metal shank provided withan impact-receiving metal head portion at one end and a metalpolnt orblade at its other end, and a protective and reinforcing metal bandextending around the periphery of and permanently secured to said headportion.

3. A tool having a hardened metal portion that is adapted to besubjected to impacts and a comparatively ductile metal band extendingaround and welded to said hardened portion, said hardened portion havinga bare surface adapted to receive such impacts.

4. A tool comprising a solid metal bar having an impact-receivinghardened metal head portion at one end and a hardened point or blade atits other end, and a band of ductile metal extending around theperiphery of and permanently secured to said head portion to reducemutilation of the latter by such impacts, said hardened head portionhaving a bare surface adapted to receive such impacts.

5. A tool of the class described comprising a head portion of a steelthat is adapted to be hardened by heat treatment; an operating end; anda protective band of softer material than said head portion surroundingthe latter, said band and said head portion being welded together andsaid head portion being hardened by heat treatment. 6. A method ofmaking a tool which comprises forming a hardenable metal part having asurface intended to be subjected to impact, welding 8. A method ofmakinga tool which comprises providing a metal part having a surface intendedto be subjected to impact, applying welding heat to said part, andbuilding up a protective and reinforcing band of metal on said part byfusing metal and depositing the fused metal around the periphery of saidheated part adjacent said surface.

9. A method of making a chisel, drill, punch, or the like whichcomprises forming a point or cutting edge at one end of a solid bar ofmetal, and permanently securing a protective band of metal totheperiphery of said bar close to its other end to reduce damaging of saidperiphery by impacts applied to said other end.

10. A method of making an impact-receiving tool which comprises forminga blank of a metal adapted to be hardened by heat treatment, applying aprotective band adjacent to the impactreceiving portion byfusion-welding a deposit of ductile metal around the periphery of saidportion, and quenching said portion while said deposit is still hot fromthe welding operation.

11. A' method of making an impact-receiving tool which comprises forminga solid shank of steel adapted to be hardened by heat treatment;fusion-welding a deposit of copper-containing alloy to said shankadjacent to and around the impact-receiving end thereof, to provide apermanent protective metal band adjacent said end; and quenching saidend while said deposit and said end are still hot from the weldingoperation.

12. A tool comprising a solid steel head portion 'adapted to besubjected to impacts; and a protective band, of metal more ductile thansaid steel head portion, extending around and permanently secured to theperiphery of said head portion, said band being adapted to reducemutilation and mushrooming of said head portion by such impacts.

13. A chisel, drill, punch or the like comprising a solid steel barhaving a head portion adapted to be subjected to impacts; and aprotective band, of metal more ductile than steel, extending around andwelded to the periphery of said head portion to substantially preventmutilation and mushrooming of said head portion by such impacts, saidhead portion having a bare end surface adapted to receive such impacts.

14'. A tool comprising a metal head portion having a surface adapted tobe subjected to impacts; and a protective band of ductilecoppercontaining alloy extending around the periphery of said headportion and welded thereto adjacent said surface, said band beingadapted to reduce mutilation of said head portion by such impacts.

15. A method of making atool which comprises forming a metal part havinga surface intended to be subjected to impacts, and welding means to andaround the periphery of such part adjacent to said surface to reinforcesaid part and reduce damaging of the same at said periphery.

16. A tool having a solid metal head provided with a surface intended tobe subjected to impacts, the periphery of said head adjacent saidsurface normally tending to become damaged due to such impacts;-andmeans for reducing such damage, said means being welded-to and extendingaround the periphery of said head adjacent saidsurface.

' FRANK F. MOONEY.

